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Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s.
With a population of 35,306,126, Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports and is also responsible for employing 90% of the work force. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-99 has featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Natural gas exploration in the Rufiji Delta looks promising and production could start by 2002. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment.
The literacy rate for the total population is 67.8%, which accounts for all people who are 15 years or older and are able to read and write Swahili, English or Arabic. Within the total population, 79.4% of males are literate in comparison to only 56.8% of females. Unfortunately, the net primary enrollment ratios for both males and females have decreased significantly in the past two decades. In 1980, males had an enrollment rate of 68%, while females were at 65%. By 1997, the enrollment ratios dropped, with males at 48% and females at 49%.
Tanzania's telephone network has a capacity of over 119,000 lines. The total number of connected lines is currently 113,810, resulting in a telephone density of 0.40 lines per hundred population. The penetration of telephone lines is highly biased toward the urban areas, which have over 83% of the current lines. The deregulation of the communications sector was carried out in 1994 with the separation of the postal and telecommunications services and the establishment of an independent telecommunications regulatory authority the year following. Plans are underway to liberalize the sector.
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